Deep Vein Thrombosis
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a condition where a blood clot forms in a deep vein, most often in the leg. It can block blood flow and lead to serious complications, including a pulmonary embolism if the clot travels to the lungs.
Quick Facts
- DVT most commonly occurs in the legs
- It can develop during long periods of immobility, such as travel or recovery from surgery
- Some people have no noticeable symptoms
- DVT can lead to a pulmonary embolism, which is a medical emergency
- Early diagnosis and treatment reduce the risk of complications
Symptoms
Common symptoms of DVT include:
- Swelling in one leg
- Pain or cramping in the calf or thigh
- Warmth or redness over the affected area
Other signs may include visible surface veins or a feeling of heaviness in the leg.
Causes
DVT occurs when blood flow slows or the blood becomes more likely to clot.
Common causes include:
- Prolonged immobility (such as long flights or bed rest)
- Injury or damage to a vein
- Certain medical conditions, including cancer
- Hormonal factors such as birth control or hormone therapy
Risk Factors
You may be at higher risk if you:
- Sit for long periods (travel, desk work, or recovery from surgery)
- Have a history of blood clots or clotting disorders
- Are pregnant or recently gave birth
- Use hormonal medications
- Smoke or have obesity
- Have cancer or chronic illness
Treatments
Treatment focuses on preventing the clot from growing and reducing the risk of complications.
Common treatment options include:
- Anticoagulants (blood thinners) to prevent clot growth
- Compression stockings to improve circulation and reduce swelling
- Monitoring and follow-up imaging when needed
More advanced treatments may be considered for severe cases, including clot removal procedures or placement of an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter in select patients.
When to Seek Care
Seek medical care right away if you have symptoms of DVT, especially swelling or pain in one leg. Call 911 or seek emergency care if you experience symptoms of a pulmonary embolism, such as sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, or coughing up blood.
