What Is Crohn’s Disease and What Are the Signs of It?

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, often painful condition that affects the digestive tract. It’s part of a group of conditions known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and impacts nearly 3 million people in the U.S. While it can be serious, many people manage their symptoms and live full, active lives with the right treatment.

So, what exactly is Crohn’s disease — and what signs should you look for?

What Is Crohn’s Disease?

Crohn’s disease causes inflammation anywhere along the digestive tract, but it most commonly affects the small intestine. This inflammation can spread deep into the intestinal wall and lead to uncomfortable or even debilitating symptoms.

The exact cause isn’t fully understood, but researchers believe it involves a combination of:

• Immune system dysfunction — where the body mistakenly attacks healthy digestive tissue
• Genetics — people with a family history are more likely to develop the condition
• Environmental triggers — such as smoking or frequent use of NSAIDs

Unlike some digestive issues, Crohn’s is not caused by diet — but certain foods may worsen symptoms once the disease is present.

Common Signs and Symptoms of Crohn’s Disease

Symptoms of Crohn’s disease vary widely and can range from mild to severe. They often come and go, with flare-ups followed by periods of remission.

The most common symptoms include:

• Abdominal cramping or pain (especially after eating)
• Chronic diarrhea
• Fatigue and low energy
• Weight loss or reduced appetite
• Fever
• Blood in the stool
• Mouth sores
• Anemia or iron deficiency
• Pain or drainage near the anus (from inflammation or fistulas)

Some people may also experience inflammation beyond the digestive tract, affecting the skin, joints, or eyes.

How Is Crohn’s Disease Diagnosed?

If you suspect Crohn’s disease, your doctor may recommend a physical exam and several diagnostic tools to check for inflammation or damage in the digestive tract.

These may include:

• Blood tests (to check for anemia or inflammation)
• Stool tests (to rule out infection)
• Imaging (CT scans or MRIs)
• Colonoscopy or endoscopy (to view the intestines and take tissue samples)

Treatment Options for Crohn’s Disease

While there is no known cure, many treatments can reduce inflammation, relieve symptoms, and help prevent flare-ups.

Treatment plans may include:

• Anti-inflammatory medications (like corticosteroids)
• Immune system suppressors
• Antibiotics (for infections or fistulas)
• Biologic therapies (targeted drugs that block inflammation pathways)
• Nutritional therapy or IV nutrition in severe cases
• Surgery, if medications don’t control the disease or complications arise

Lifestyle changes also make a difference. A diet low in high-fiber or spicy foods, small frequent meals, and avoiding carbonated drinks may help reduce symptoms. Always talk with your doctor or a dietitian before making major changes to your diet.

Can You Live a Normal Life with Crohn’s?

Yes — with the right medical care and lifestyle adjustments, many people with Crohn’s disease can lead healthy, fulfilling lives. Some may experience long stretches without symptoms, while others may need ongoing treatment to manage flare-ups.

At BASS Medical Group, our providers work closely with patients to create personalized treatment plans that address both physical symptoms and long-term wellness.

Don’t Ignore Digestive Symptoms — Get Expert Help Today

If you’re experiencing symptoms of Crohn’s disease like abdominal pain, diarrhea, or fatigue, don’t wait to seek help. Schedule an appointment with a provider at BASS Medical Group to get a proper diagnosis and start your path to relief.