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Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a condition in which the lining of the esophagus changes due to repeated exposure to stomach acid and bile—often as a result of chronic GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease). While the name may be unfamiliar to some, it’s a serious complication that can increase your risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma, a dangerous form of cancer.
If you experience chronic heartburn or reflux, understanding Barrett’s esophagus—and how to detect it early—is critical for protecting your long-term health.
What Is Barrett’s Esophagus?
Barrett’s esophagus occurs when the normal cells that line your lower esophagus are replaced with cells more like those found in the stomach. This process is your body’s way of adapting to frequent exposure to stomach contents, especially bile and acid.
These abnormal cells may become precancerous over time, with the potential to develop into esophageal cancer if left untreated.
What Causes GERD and Barrett’s Esophagus?
GERD is often caused by a hiatal hernia, which allows the upper part of the stomach to push through the diaphragm and weaken the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). This valve normally prevents stomach contents from flowing back up into the esophagus.
Common causes and risk factors include:
- Obesity or excess abdominal pressure
- Aging or weakened diaphragm muscles
- Frequent heavy lifting or straining
- Pregnancy (particularly multiple pregnancies)
- Smoking, alcohol, caffeine, and certain foods (like mint and chocolate)
Over time, these factors can lead to persistent reflux, damaging the esophageal lining and increasing your risk of Barrett’s esophagus.
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Common Symptoms of GERD (and Warning Signs for Barrett’s)
If you experience any of the following symptoms regularly, you may be at risk for Barrett’s esophagus:
- Chronic heartburn or acid reflux
- Chest discomfort not related to the heart
- Trouble swallowing (dysphagia)
- Persistent sore throat or hoarseness
- Feeling of food stuck in the throat (globus sensation)
- Bad breath or frequent cavities
How Is Barrett’s Esophagus Diagnosed?
Early detection is essential. While a traditional endoscopy can help visualize esophageal inflammation, early-stage Barrett’s or precancerous changes can be missed. Advanced diagnostic tools include:
1. WATS3D Biopsy
WATS3D collects a larger tissue sample than a traditional biopsy, dramatically improving the detection of abnormal cells. It reduces the risk of missed diagnoses, especially in early-stage disease.
2. Cellvizio Optical Imaging
This technology uses a tiny microscope to provide real-time, cellular-level images of the esophagus. It allows physicians to detect even subtle tissue changes.
Can Barrett’s Esophagus Be Treated?
Yes. If detected early, BE can be managed or reversed through a non-surgical, outpatient procedure called radiofrequency ablation (RFA).
RFA delivers targeted heat energy to destroy abnormal cells, allowing healthy tissue to regenerate. It's a safe and effective option that can dramatically reduce your risk of esophageal cancer.
Why Early Detection Matters
Barrett’s esophagus often has no obvious symptoms until serious damage has occurred. Esophageal cancer, once it develops, is extremely aggressive and often diagnosed at later stages. That’s why screening for BE is so important—especially for patients with chronic reflux.
Get Evaluated at BASS Medical Group
If you suffer from ongoing GERD symptoms, don’t wait. The Heartburn Center of California—led by Dr. Wilson Tsai—offers advanced diagnostics like WATS3D and RFA to detect and treat Barrett’s esophagus before it becomes something more serious.
Request a Consultation Today
Early detection saves lives.
Contact the Heartburn Center of California, a divison of BASS Medical Group, to schedule a Barrett’s esophagus evaluation or to speak with Dr. Wilson Tsai.
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