Endoscopy Procedure: What to Expect Before, During, and After

If your doctor has recommended an endoscopy, you may have questions or feel unsure about what to expect. Endoscopy is a common, safe, and valuable procedure used to diagnose and treat many conditions affecting the digestive system.

Here’s everything you need to know about what an endoscopy involves—before, during, and after the procedure.

What Is an Endoscopy?

An endoscopy is a non-surgical procedure that uses a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera—called an endoscope—to view the inside of your upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This includes the esophagus, stomach, and the beginning of the small intestine (duodenum).

Doctors may recommend an endoscopy to:

• Investigate chronic heartburn or GERD
• Diagnose the cause of persistent nausea or abdominal pain
• Evaluate difficulty swallowing
• Identify sources of internal bleeding
• Perform a biopsy or remove foreign objects
• Monitor existing GI conditions

Types of Endoscopy

1. Upper Endoscopy (EGD)

This is the most common type. The doctor inserts the endoscope through the mouth to examine the upper GI tract. It’s often performed under light sedation and typically takes 10 to 20 minutes.

2. Capsule Endoscopy

Instead of a tube, you swallow a small capsule containing a camera. As it travels through your digestive tract, it takes thousands of photos, which are transmitted to a device you wear. This option is useful for viewing parts of the small intestine that a traditional endoscope can’t reach.

Endoscopy Prep: How to Prepare

Preparing for your endoscopy ensures the procedure is safe and effective. Follow these steps carefully:

• Do not eat or drink for 4–8 hours before the procedure
• Stop certain medications or supplements if advised by your doctor
• Arrange for someone to drive you home, especially if you’ll be sedated
• Notify your doctor if you have diabetes, bleeding disorders, or take blood thinners

You will typically receive written prep instructions ahead of time—read them closely and ask questions if anything is unclear.

What to Expect During the Procedure

• You’ll change into a gown and receive a sedative through an IV to help you relax.
• The doctor may spray a numbing agent into your throat.
• The endoscope is inserted gently through the mouth and guided through the GI tract.
• A monitor displays images in real time so your doctor can look for inflammation, ulcers, or other issues.
• A biopsy or minor treatment (such as dilation) may be performed if needed.

The procedure itself is usually painless, though some patients report minor throat discomfort afterward.

What Happens After an Endoscopy?

After the procedure:

• You’ll rest while the sedation wears off (usually 30–60 minutes)
• You may experience a mild sore throat, bloating, or gas for a few hours
• Avoid driving, alcohol, or major decisions for 24 hours if you were sedated
• Your doctor may discuss initial results the same day or call you later if a biopsy was taken

Most patients are able to eat and return to normal activities within the same day or by the next morning.

Is Endoscopy Safe?

Yes. Endoscopy is considered very safe with minimal risks. Rare complications include bleeding, infection, or perforation of the GI tract. These are extremely uncommon and your doctor will review the risks with you beforehand.

Schedule Your Endoscopy with Confidence

At BASS Medical Group, our board-certified providers perform endoscopy procedures with expert care and advanced technology. Whether you're experiencing GI discomfort or need follow-up testing, we’ll walk you through the process step by step.

Ready to Schedule or Have Questions?

Contact BASS Medical Group to speak with a provider and learn if an endoscopy is the right next step for your digestive health.