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Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Among those diagnosed, more than 85% have non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)—making it the most common form of the disease.
But how does it differ from small cell lung cancer (SCLC)? Let’s break down the subtypes, symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options for both.
Types of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Non-small cell lung cancer includes several subtypes, each with distinct features:
- Adenocarcinoma – The most common NSCLC subtype. It tends to grow slowly and usually develops in the outer regions of the lungs.
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma – Often originates in the bronchi (airways) and progresses slowly. Commonly linked to smoking.
- Large Cell Carcinoma – A rarer and more aggressive form of NSCLC. It tends to spread quickly and can appear in any part of the lung.
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Small Cell Lung Cancer: How It's Different
Only about 15% of lung cancers are small cell lung cancer, also known as oat cell carcinoma. Unlike NSCLC, SCLC tends to:
- Grow rapidly
- Start in the center of the chest
- Spread quickly to lymph nodes and other organs
Subtypes of SCLC:
- Small Cell Carcinoma – The most common type, with flat, fast-growing cancer cells.
- Combined Small Cell Carcinoma – Contains both small cell and non-small cell components in one tumor.
Although more aggressive, SCLC often responds well to chemotherapy and radiation in the early stages of treatment.
Risk Factors for Both Lung Cancer Types
While there are differences in cancer type and behavior, risk factors are largely the same:
- Smoking (most significant risk factor)
- Secondhand smoke
- Exposure to asbestos or radiation
- Family history of lung cancer
- Air pollution
- Older age
Anyone with ongoing respiratory symptoms—especially those with a smoking history—should speak with their doctor about screening.
Symptoms of Non-Small Cell & Small Cell Lung Cancer
Both NSCLC and SCLC can present with similar warning signs:
- Persistent or worsening cough
- Chest pain
- Shortness of breath or wheezing
- Hoarseness
- Coughing up blood
- Loss of appetite or unexplained weight loss
- Swelling of the face or neck
- Difficulty swallowing
Because SCLC spreads faster, patients may also experience bone pain, neurological symptoms, or seizures if the cancer reaches other areas of the body.
How Lung Cancer Is Diagnosed
To diagnose lung cancer, your doctor may recommend:
- Imaging tests (X-ray, CT scan, MRI)
- Biopsy – A small tissue sample is removed from the tumor to identify the cancer type
- PET scan – To detect the spread of cancer throughout the body
Identifying the specific type—non-small cell vs. small cell—is critical for developing an effective treatment plan.
Lung Cancer Treatment Options
Treatment depends on:
- The type and subtype of lung cancer
- The stage of the disease
- The patient’s overall health
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer:
- Surgery – Possible if the cancer is localized and hasn't spread.
- Chemotherapy & Radiation
- Immunotherapy
- Targeted therapy based on genetic mutations
Small Cell Lung Cancer:
- Chemotherapy – The primary treatment approach.
- Radiation therapy – Often used with chemo to improve outcomes.
- Immunotherapy – May be used in combination with traditional treatments.
Get Expert Lung Cancer Care at BASS Medical Group
If you or a loved one has recently been diagnosed with lung cancer, BASS Medical Group is here to help. Our oncology specialists, imaging team, and support staff are committed to providing compassionate, expert care designed to improve your quality of life.
At BASS, you won’t wait weeks to speak to a specialist. We’ll connect you with a provider so you can get the answers—and the treatment—you need.
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