What are Fibroids?

Fibroids are a common condition affecting 70-80% of women at some point in their lives. These noncancerous tumors develop in the uterus and often cause no symptoms. However, in some cases, fibroids can lead to discomfort, heavy bleeding, and even fertility complications. Understanding what fibroids are, their symptoms, and treatment options is essential for managing your reproductive health.

What Are Uterine Fibroids?

Fibroids, also known as uterine leiomyomas, are benign growths made up of muscle and connective tissue. They can vary in size, from as small as a seed to as large as a grapefruit. While fibroids are rarely cancerous, they can affect fertility, cause chronic pain, and disrupt normal menstrual cycles in some women.

Types of Fibroids

Fibroids develop in different areas of the uterus and are classified into four types:

• Intramural Fibroids – Grow within the uterine wall and are the most common type.
• Subserosal Fibroids – Form on the outer wall of the uterus and can press on surrounding organs.
• Submucosal Fibroids – Develop inside the uterine lining and often cause heavy bleeding.
• Pedunculated Fibroids – Attached to the uterus by a thin stalk and may cause pain or pressure.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of fibroids remains unclear, but several factors increase the risk of developing them:

• Hormones – Estrogen and progesterone promote fibroid growth, making them more common during childbearing years.
• Genetics – A family history of fibroids increases the likelihood of developing them.
• Race – Black women are more likely to develop fibroids and at a younger age.
• Obesity & Diet – A diet high in red meat and processed foods may contribute to fibroid growth.
• Early Menstruation – Women who started their period at an early age have a higher risk.

Signs and Symptoms of Fibroids

Many women with fibroids experience no symptoms. However, when symptoms do occur, they can significantly affect daily life. Common signs include:

• Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
• Pelvic pain or pressure
• Frequent urination
• Lower back pain
• Pain during intercourse
• Constipation or bloating
• Difficulty getting pregnant

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, schedule an evaluation with a gynecologist to discuss diagnosis and treatment options.

How Are Fibroids Diagnosed?

Fibroids are often detected during a routine pelvic exam. If fibroids are suspected, your doctor may recommend advanced imaging tests, such as:

• Ultrasound – The first-line imaging test to visualize fibroids.
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) – Provides a detailed view of the size, location, and number of fibroids.
• Hysteroscopy – A minimally invasive procedure using a thin camera to examine the uterus.
• Sonohysterography – Uses saline and ultrasound to get a clearer view of fibroids inside the uterus.

Treatment Options for Fibroids

Treatment depends on the size, location, and severity of symptoms. Options include:

1. Watchful Waiting

If fibroids are small and not causing symptoms, your doctor may recommend regular monitoring rather than immediate treatment.

2. Medications

Hormonal therapies such as birth control pills, GnRH agonists, and IUDs can help regulate heavy bleeding and shrink fibroids.

3. Non-Surgical Treatments

• Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE) – A minimally invasive procedure that blocks blood flow to fibroids, causing them to shrink.
• Focused Ultrasound Surgery (FUS) – Uses high-frequency sound waves to destroy fibroids without surgery.

4. Surgical Options

• Myomectomy – Removes fibroids while preserving the uterus, often recommended for women who want to conceive.
• Hysterectomy – The complete removal of the uterus, considered a permanent solution for severe fibroid cases.

Who Should You See for Fibroids?

If you suspect you have fibroids, the best specialists to consult are:

• Gynecologists & OB-GYNs – First-line providers for diagnosis and treatment.
• Reproductive Endocrinologists – Specialists for women experiencing fertility issues due to fibroids.
• Interventional Radiologists – Experts in non-surgical fibroid treatments such as Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE).

For diagnostic imaging, you may be referred to the BASS Imaging Center for an ultrasound or MRI scan to assess your fibroids.

Expert Fibroid Care in Northern California

At BASS Medical Group, we provide comprehensive fibroid care with top gynecologists, imaging specialists, and minimally invasive treatment options in Walnut Creek and across Northern California. If you're experiencing symptoms or need a second opinion, schedule a consultation today.

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