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If your doctor has recommended a biopsy, you might feel anxious—especially if you're wondering, “Does a biopsy hurt?” While the idea may sound intimidating, most biopsies involve only minor discomfort and can provide life-saving information.
Here’s what you need to know about biopsies, including what they’re used for, what the procedure feels like, and when to seek follow-up care.
What Is a Biopsy?
A biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small sample of tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to detect abnormal cells, most often as part of a cancer screening or to investigate unexplained symptoms.
Biopsies can be performed on nearly any part of the body and vary from minimally invasive skin biopsies to deeper procedures that may require anesthesia. The collected tissue is typically sent to a pathologist, who analyzes it for signs of cancer, infection, inflammation, or disease.
Do Biopsies Hurt?
The level of discomfort depends on the type of biopsy and the location of the tissue:
- Skin biopsy: Feels like a small pinch or sting (local anesthesia is often used).
- Needle biopsy: You may feel pressure or a brief sharp sensation during insertion.
- Surgical biopsy: Usually done under sedation or anesthesia, so pain is minimal during the procedure but some soreness afterward is common.
In most cases, patients report mild soreness or tenderness after the procedure. Over-the-counter pain medication is usually enough to manage discomfort.
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Common Types of Biopsies and What They Detect
Bone Marrow Biopsy
- What it detects: Blood disorders like leukemia, lymphoma, or anemia.
- How it’s done: A large needle is inserted into the back of the hip to extract marrow. You may feel pressure and brief pain, especially during aspiration.
- Time: Around 30 minutes (includes both aspiration and biopsy).
Liver Biopsy
- What it detects: Liver conditions such as cirrhosis, fatty liver disease, or hepatitis.
- How it’s done: A needle is inserted through the abdomen to extract liver tissue.
- Sensation: Most patients report only mild discomfort, and you're monitored for several hours afterward.
Skin, Breast, or Lymph Node Biopsy
- These may involve punch, shave, or needle techniques.
- They are usually quick and done in-office with local anesthesia.
- Minor soreness or bruising is common, but severe pain is rare.
How Long Do Biopsy Results Take?
Biopsy results can be available within a few days to a week, depending on the complexity of the test. Your provider will schedule a follow-up to discuss the results and any next steps.
When to Contact a Doctor
Reach out to your provider if you experience any of the following after a biopsy:
- Persistent or worsening pain
- Fever or chills
- Excessive bleeding or swelling
- Redness or drainage at the biopsy site
These may be signs of infection or complications that need prompt attention.
Trusted Biopsy Care at BASS Medical Group
At BASS Medical Group, our Primary Care Providers and specialists are experienced in performing and coordinating biopsies and diagnostic screenings with care and compassion.
Whether you're scheduled for a biopsy or still deciding if it’s right for you, we’ll walk you through the process, explain what to expect, and support you every step of the way.
Serving Walnut Creek, Oakland, and the San Francisco Bay Area, BASS provides expert care with fast, accurate diagnostics.
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