What is an Ectopic Pregnancy?

Understanding Ectopic Pregnancy

An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus, most commonly in one of the fallopian tubes, which connect the ovaries to the uterus. Since these structures are not designed to support a growing embryo, the pregnancy cannot develop normally and can pose serious health risks.

In rare cases, an ectopic pregnancy may occur on the ovary, cervix, or even in the abdominal cavity. These pregnancies are not viable and, if left untreated, can be life-threatening to the mother due to internal bleeding or organ damage.

Early Signs & Symptoms of Ectopic Pregnancy

In the early stages, an ectopic pregnancy may feel like a typical pregnancy. However, as it progresses, certain symptoms may indicate something is wrong. These include:

• Vaginal bleeding
• Pelvic, lower abdominal, or lower back pain
• Weakness, dizziness, or lightheadedness

If the fallopian tube ruptures, symptoms can become severe and include:

• Sudden, sharp lower abdominal pain
• Shoulder pain (due to internal bleeding irritating the diaphragm)
• Fainting or loss of consciousness
• Low blood pressure
• Rectal pressure

If you experience any of these signs, especially if you suspect you might be pregnant, seek emergency medical care immediately by calling 911.

What Causes Ectopic Pregnancy?

Ectopic pregnancies occur when something prevents or slows the fertilized egg from reaching the uterus. Several risk factors can increase your chances, though many people with ectopic pregnancies have no known risks. Common contributing factors include:

• A previous ectopic pregnancy
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
• Surgery on the fallopian tubes or pelvic area (including tubal ligation)
• Endometriosis
• Fertility treatments such as IVF
• Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
• Having an IUD in place at the time of conception
• Smoking
• Being age 35 or older

Treatment for Ectopic Pregnancy

Treatment depends on the size, location, and timing of the ectopic pregnancy.

1. Medication

In early cases without rupture, your doctor may recommend methotrexate, a medication that safely stops the growth of the pregnancy. It is given by injection and requires follow-up appointments to monitor your hormone levels (hCG) until they return to zero.

2. Surgery

If there is a risk of rupture—or if a rupture has already occurred—emergency surgery is often needed. This is typically performed laparoscopically (with small incisions) to remove the ectopic pregnancy. In some cases, the fallopian tube may need to be partially or fully removed to stop internal bleeding.

Abortion Access & Ectopic Pregnancy

It’s important to understand that an ectopic pregnancy is not a viable pregnancy and can become deadly if not treated. In some cases, treatment may involve removing pregnancy tissue through surgical means, which some might refer to as a form of abortion.

In California, abortion is legal and medical providers are permitted to treat ectopic pregnancies—especially when the mother's life is at risk. However, laws vary by state. If you're outside of California, be sure to check your local laws and consult with a qualified medical professional.

When to Contact a Doctor

If you are pregnant and experience unusual pelvic pain, spotting, or faintness, especially if you have an IUD, history of fallopian tube surgery, or past ectopic pregnancy, contact your healthcare provider right away.

At BASS Medical Group, our specialists in OB/GYN, surgery, and emergency care are here to evaluate symptoms quickly and ensure you get the care you need.

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