Diabetes Management: How Does Your Period Affect Blood Sugar

For women with diabetes, managing blood sugar around your menstrual cycle can be tricky. Hormonal shifts, particularly in estrogen and progesterone levels, can impact how your body responds to insulin. Whether you have Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes, understanding these changes can help you take control of your health.

At BASS Medical Group, our team of primary care providers, endocrinologists, and OB-GYNs work together to help you manage both your diabetes and reproductive health across Walnut Creek, Oakland, San Francisco, and the greater Bay Area.

How Your Menstrual Cycle Impacts Blood Sugar

Your menstrual cycle includes two main phases that affect insulin sensitivity differently:

Follicular Phase (Days 1–14)

• Starts with the first day of your period
• Estrogen levels are higher, improving insulin sensitivity
• Blood sugar may run slightly lower
• Blood loss may temporarily affect glucose levels

Luteal Phase (Days 15–28)

• Progesterone and estrogen levels rise
• Insulin resistance increases
• Blood sugar levels may rise, especially in the days before your period
• You may need more insulin or tighter dietary control

Tracking your cycle alongside blood glucose readings can help you spot patterns and make proactive adjustments.

Type 1 vs. Type 2 Diabetes During Menstruation

Type 1 Diabetes

• Blood sugar often spikes in the days before your period
• Fasting glucose levels may be more difficult to manage
• Insulin doses may need to be adjusted during different parts of your cycle
• Some women experience delayed puberty or irregular periods

Type 2 Diabetes

• Women who manage diabetes without insulin may see more subtle changes
• Exercise and balanced meals can help improve insulin sensitivity
• High-protein, high-fiber meals can prevent post-meal blood sugar spikes

Managing Blood Sugar Throughout Your Period

Here are some simple ways to stay in control throughout your menstrual cycle:

• Track your cycle and glucose readings using a mobile app or journal
• Work with your doctor to adjust insulin or medication when needed
• Eat balanced meals rich in fiber, protein, and complex carbs
• Stay hydrated and get enough sleep
• Exercise regularly to lower insulin resistance

Why Haven’t I Started My Period Yet?

Delayed menstruation is more common in women with Type 1 diabetes, especially if blood sugar has been poorly controlled in the past.

Possible causes include:

• Hormonal imbalance from blood sugar dysregulation
• Delayed puberty
• Irregular ovulation cycles
• Earlier menopause onset

If you’re concerned about delayed or irregular periods, talk with a BASS Medical Group OB-GYN or endocrinologist to explore your options

Get Personalized Diabetes & Women's Health Support

Struggling with blood sugar changes during your cycle? You’re not alone. At BASS Medical Group, we offer compassionate care for women managing diabetes, including:

• Endocrinology consultations
• ‍OB-GYN care
• ‍Primary care and health monitoring

Serving Walnut Creek, Oakland, Concord, and nearby cities throughout Northern California.

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Let’s work together to manage your diabetes—every day of the month.
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