How to Identify ARFID in Children

ARFID, or Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder, is more than picky eating. It’s a serious condition that can interfere with a child’s nutrition, development, and emotional well-being. While it can affect anyone, ARFID is especially common in children and adolescents. Recognizing the signs early and seeking professional help is key to effective treatment and long-term recovery.

What Is ARFID?

ARFID is an eating disorder marked by extremely selective eating habits, a lack of interest in food, or fear-based avoidance (such as fear of choking or vomiting). Unlike anorexia nervosa, ARFID does not involve body image concerns. Instead, children with ARFID avoid food due to texture, taste, past negative experiences, or anxiety.

Previously known as “Selective Eating Disorder,” ARFID can lead to nutritional deficiencies, delayed growth, and disruptions in everyday functioning. Left untreated, it can cause long-term health complications.

Common ARFID Symptoms in Children

Every child is different, but here are key symptoms that may signal ARFID:

• Significant weight loss or failure to gain weight as expected
• Lack of interest in food or low appetite
• Complaints of stomach pain or GI discomfort with no clear cause
• Fear of choking, vomiting, or allergic reactions
• Limited range of foods eaten (extreme pickiness)
• No body image concerns present
• Signs of malnutrition: fatigue, pale skin, weak nails, low iron or hormone levels
• Missed milestones in physical or emotional development
• Dizziness or fainting episodes

If you’re noticing these symptoms, don’t assume it’s a passing phase—especially if your child’s eating habits are affecting their health or emotional well-being.

Who’s at Risk for ARFID?

While ARFID can affect anyone, children are more likely to develop it if they:

• Have autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or ADHD
• Have a family history of anxiety or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
• Were extremely selective eaters in early childhood
• Have heightened sensory sensitivities
• Are male (studies suggest a higher prevalence in boys)

Why Early Treatment Matters

ARFID won’t resolve on its own. Because it can lead to vitamin deficiencies, anemia, weakened immune function, and developmental delays, early diagnosis and professional care are essential. Treatments may involve:

• Behavioral therapy
• Nutritional counseling
• Family-based treatment plans
• Coordination with pediatricians and psychologists

When to See a Doctor

If your child’s eating habits are significantly limiting their growth, causing anxiety, or impacting their quality of life, talk to a primary care provider (PCP). Your PCP can rule out other causes and refer your child to a pediatric nutritionist, behavioral specialist, or eating disorder program.

Early Support Makes a Big Difference‍

At BASS Medical Group, our compassionate providers help families navigate behavioral and nutritional challenges. If you suspect your child may be struggling with ARFID, our team of Primary Care Providers and specialists is here to guide you toward the right care.
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